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אירופה
- Heavy hex nuts A563 DH, A194 2H, ISO 4032, EN 14399
- Hardened washers F436, EN 14399-6
- Square plate washers for anchor bolts
- Bevel washers for tapered flanges
- DTIs ASTM F959, EN 14399-9
- Matched lots, galvanized or plain
The rest of the assembly
A bolt is only as good as its nut and washer. Structural nuts must be strong enough to develop the bolt, washers must be hardened where they sit under the turned element, and galvanized nuts must be tapped oversize and lubricated so the assembly can reach its tension.
Range
| Item | Standard | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy hex nut | ASTM A563 DH / C, A194 2H | F3125 bolts, F1554 anchors |
| Hex nut class 8 / 10 | ISO 4032, EN 14399-3 / -4 | Metric structural bolts |
| Hardened washer | ASTM F436, EN 14399-5 / -6 | Under the turned element |
| Plate washer | AISC Design Guide 1 sizes | Anchor bolts in oversize base plate holes |
| Bevel washer | ASTM F436 bevelled, ISO 7091 | Tapered channel and beam flanges |
| DTI | ASTM F959, EN 14399-9 | Verifying pretension |
Direct tension indicators
A DTI is a hardened washer with raised protrusions. As the bolt is tensioned the protrusions flatten; when a feeler gauge is refused in the specified number of gaps, the bolt has reached its minimum pretension. Squirter DTIs show coloured silicone when compressed.
תקנים ודרישות לפי שוק
התקנים שלפיהם World Steel מתכננת, מייצרת ומתעדת מוצר זה – ודרישות הגיאומטריה והעומס העיקריות בכל שוק.
ארצות הברית
- ASTM A563 / A194Nuts
- ASTM F436Hardened washers
- ASTM F959Direct tension indicators
אוסטרליה / ניו זילנד
- AS/NZS 1252.1Nuts and washers in the assembly
סיכום להתמצאות בלבד – מפרט הפרויקט, מהדורת התקן שאומצה והרשות המוסמכת הם הקובעים.
גימורים
| גימור | תקנים / הערות |
|---|---|
| Hot-dip galvanized | ASTM F2329 · ISO 10684 · AS/NZS 1214 – nuts tapped oversize and lubricated |
| Plain / black | Oiled, for painted or indoor connections |
