Fire Protection Coating for Structural Steel

Fire engineering basics

Why structural steel requires fire protection

Steel is non-combustible – but like every material it loses strength and stiffness as it heats up.

In a building fire the gas temperature follows the standard fire curve (ISO 834, ASTM E119, AS 1530.4) and passes 800 °C in under 25 minutes. Unprotected steel members heat up quickly – thin, light sections fastest – and their yield strength and elastic modulus fall progressively above about 400 °C.

A member fails when it reaches its critical steel temperature: the temperature at which its reduced strength equals the load it carries in the fire. Critical temperatures are typically in the range of about 500–620 °C, depending on the load ratio and the member type, and are set by the structural fire design (EN 1993-1-2, AS 4100 Section 12, AISC 360 Appendix 4).

Passive fire protection insulates the steel so that it stays below its critical temperature for the period the building code requires – giving time to escape, for fire fighting and for structural stability.

Standard fire curve at 30 min: ≈ 840 °C
Typical critical steel temperature: ≈ 500 – 620 °C
Steel yield strength near 600 °C: ≈ 47 % (EN 1993-1-2)

Normal steelPrimer, intumescent basecoat and topcoat – a thin film; the shape of the steel stays visible.
Fire exposureGas temperature rises fast; unprotected steel would follow within minutes.
Intumescent expansionFrom roughly 200–250 °C the coating softens and reacts – gases blow it into a foam.
Insulating char layerA thick carbon char insulates the steel and slows its temperature rise. Expansion and performance are product-specific.

加熱時間 0 min 断面係数 Hp/A 200 m⁻¹ 限界温度 550 °C

ガス温度：ISO 834 標準火災曲線。鋼材：無被覆部材、EN 1993-1-2 §4.2.5.1 の簡易伝熱計算（αc = 25 W/m²K、εm = 0.7、ksh = 1）。塗膜の図は説明用です – 発泡と性能は製品ごとに異なります。

Fire resistance performance

Engineered for different fire resistance requirements

Select a rating to see where it is typically required, how it is tested and which systems are usually considered. The required thickness always depends on the member, its critical temperature and the product's approved data.

R60標準耐火試験で 60 分間の荷重支持能力

代表的な用途: Offices, schools, retail and many multi-storey buildings; the most common building requirement.
試験・分類: EN 13381-8 / EN 13501-2 (R 60) · UL 263 (1 h) · AS 1530.4 (FRL 60/–/–) · BS 476-20/21
一般的に検討されるシステム: Thin-film intumescent – water-based or solvent-based, shop or site applied.
技術資料: Fire rating schedule · ETA / UL design / assessment report · loading table · ITP · DFT records
エンジニアリング上の考慮事項: Light sections with high section factors can need several times the thickness of heavy sections for the same rating.

必要な塗膜厚は次の要素で決まります：

Steel section factor (Hp/A, A/V, ksm or W/D)
Critical steel temperature from the structural fire design
Fire exposure – cellulosic or hydrocarbon, 3 or 4 sides
The coating product and its tested section shapes
Approved test and assessment data accepted in the project's country

耐火性能ごとに一つの DFT を公表することはしません – 同じ耐火性能でも、重量のある柱では 0.3 mm、軽量の梁では数 mm が必要になることがあります。

Systems

Our fire protection coating solutions

Four routes to a fire rating – chosen for the building, the exposure, the appearance and the cost. Product-specific data comes only from the manufacturer's approved documentation.

Thin-film intumescent coating (illustration)

A

Cellulosic · buildings

Thin-film intumescent coating

Water-based or solvent-based acrylic coatings applied like paint over a compatible primer. In a fire they expand into an insulating char.

代表的な用途: Exposed and architectural steel, offices, retail, schools, airports, warehouses

表面外観: Smooth, paint-like finish; steel profile stays visible; topcoat in any colour

適合性・認証: Primers and topcoats approved by the intumescent manufacturer for that system

Slim and light – no extra load
Shop or site application; covers connections and cellular beams
Low-VOC water-based grades for occupied buildings

Thickness and cost rise sharply at long ratings and high section factors
Water-based grades need dry interiors or a topcoat; humidity slows drying
Transport and handling damage needs touch-up

Epoxy intumescent coating (illustration)

B

Cellulosic & hydrocarbon · industry

Epoxy intumescent coating

Two-component, high-solids epoxy systems – very hard and durable. Building (cellulosic) grades reach long ratings; dedicated grades are tested for hydrocarbon pool and jet fires.

代表的な用途: Oil & gas, petrochemical and LNG plants, offshore, exterior and high-traffic steel; long cellulosic ratings

表面外観: Thick, hard film; architectural finish possible with topcoat

適合性・認証: Certification must match the fire scenario – a cellulosic approval does not cover hydrocarbon fire

Durable in C5 / exterior conditions; impact resistant
Fast cure – suitable for shop and module yards
Hydrocarbon (UL 1709) and jet-fire (ISO 22899-1) tested products

Higher material cost per litre; plural-component equipment
Mesh reinforcement required for some products and details

Cementitious fireproofing (illustration)

C

Sprayed · concealed & industrial

Cementitious fireproofing

Sprayed fire-resistive materials (SFRM) – cement or gypsum binders with mineral aggregates or fibres – applied directly to steel.

代表的な用途: Concealed beams and decks, long ratings, car parks, industrial and petrochemical structures (dense grades)

表面外観: Textured; usually hidden behind ceilings or linings

適合性・認証: Primer only where the spray manufacturer approves it – some products need bare steel

Lowest cost per m² at long ratings
Fast over large areas and complex shapes

Wet trade on site – curing time, overspray protection
Low-density grades are easily damaged; inspection of thickness and density (ASTM E605)

Customised fire protection systems (illustration)

D

Engineered for your project

Customised fire protection systems

Mixed solutions where one system is not the best answer everywhere – for example intumescent on exposed steel, boards on columns in public areas and sprays above ceilings.

設計の入力情報:

Project location and the authority's accepted approvals
Fire resistance per element
Steel section factors from the member schedule
Environment and durability (ISO 12944 category)
Applicable standards and certification route
Budget and programme
Application method – factory, site or both

耐火被覆システムを比較

耐火塗料は、World Steel が鉄骨建築向けに供給する8つの耐火製品グループの一つです – ボード、吹付け材、断熱材、耐火パネル、防火扉・ガラス、防火区画貫通処理材、防火・防煙カーテン。総合的な耐火ソリューション →

Engineering-based coating thickness design

Precision engineering. Optimized coating consumption.

The required dry film thickness is not a number per rating – it is calculated member by member. Getting it right avoids both non-compliance and paying for coating that adds nothing.

Avoid excessive consumptionHeavy sections need far less coating than light ones for the same rating; one blanket thickness wastes material.

Reduce unnecessary costGrouping members by section factor and using the right critical temperature can lower the total volume.

Ensure complianceEvery thickness traces back to the product's approved loading table and certification.

Plan the projectVolumes, coats and drying time feed the fabrication and coating programme.

Support documentationThe DFT schedule becomes the inspection reference and part of the handover dossier.

耐火性能鋼材の限界温度（°C）火災条件塗料製品周長の算定方法耐火設計手法

符号	種類	寸法（mm）	kg/m	長さ m	数量	加熱面	任意 Hp mm	認定データによる DFT（mm）

例示行です – 部材リストに置き換えてください。面積は板要素の形状（フィレット半径は無視）から、または kg/m が入力された場合はそこから算出（ρ = 7850 kg/m³）。

符号	A mm²	Hp mm	Hp/A m⁻¹	ksm m²/t	W/D lb/ft/in	塗装面積 m²	必要 DFT
総塗装面積						0

理論使用量（L）= 面積（m²）× DFT（µm）÷（1000 × 固形分容積比）。実使用量 = 理論使用量 ÷（1 − ロス率）。各層を個別に計算します。

層	理論量 L	実使用量 L	缶数	L/m²
プライマー	–	–	–	–
発泡性ベースコート	–	–	–	–
上塗り	–	–	–	–

面積と発泡性塗料の DFT は、可能な場合モジュール 01 から取得します（DFT は認定値または入力値のある部材の面積加重平均）。固形分容積比は製品データシートから、ロス率は塗装方法から設定します（通常、現場より工場の方が低くなります）。1回当たりの DFT は製品ごとに上限があります。

通貨鋼材トン数（t）予備費（%）

費目	算定基準	数量	金額
素地調整	m² 当たり	–	–
プライマー材料	リットル当たり	–	–
プライマー塗装	m² 当たり	–	–
発泡性塗料材料	リットル当たり	–	–
発泡性塗料塗装	m² 当たり	–	–
上塗り材料	リットル当たり	–	–
上塗り塗装	m² 当たり	–	–
検査	m² 当たり	–	–
機材	一式	–	–
その他労務	一式	–	–
予備費			–
概算総費用			–

m² 当たり費用–

鋼材1トン当たり費用–

プロジェクト総費用–

自社単価または見積単価を入力してください – 本試算ツールには市場価格は含まれていません。数量はモジュール 01 と 02 から取得します。金額は選択した通貨で表示され、為替換算は行いません。

Preliminary calculations are provided for estimation purposes only. Final coating thickness and fire protection system selection must be verified against the approved product documentation, applicable project requirements and relevant engineering assessments.

Standards library

International fire protection standards

Fire test standards, classification standards, structural fire design codes and product approval routes are different things – a project usually needs one of each.

耐火試験規格国際

ISO 834-1

Fire-resistance tests – Elements of building construction

Defines the standard (cellulosic) time–temperature curve used by most national fire tests.

耐火試験規格国際

ISO 22899-1

Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials

Jet-fire test for PFP used on oil, gas and process structures.

耐火試験規格欧州

EN 1363-1 / EN 1363-2

Fire resistance tests – General requirements; alternative and additional procedures

European fire test furnace conditions; EN 1363-2 includes the hydrocarbon curve.

耐火試験規格欧州

EN 13381-8

Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members – Reactive protection applied to steel members

Tests and assessment of intumescent coatings; produces the data behind the loading tables.

耐火試験規格欧州

EN 13381-4

… – Applied passive protection products to steel members

Tests and assessment for boards, sprays and other passive products.

分類規格欧州

EN 13501-2

Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Classification using data from fire resistance tests

Expresses results as R 30, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180 …

製品認定欧州

EAD 350402-00-1106

European Assessment Document – Reactive coatings for fire protection of steel elements

Route to a European Technical Assessment (ETA) and CE marking; includes durability types X, Y, Z1, Z2.

構造設計規格欧州

EN 1993-1-2

Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures – Structural fire design

Steel properties at elevated temperature, critical temperature and section factor rules.

耐火試験規格英国

BS 476-20 / 21

Fire tests on building materials and structures – Methods for determination of the fire resistance of elements of construction

UK national fire tests, still referenced; EN 13381-8 data is widely accepted in the UK.

耐火試験規格米国

ASTM E119

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

US standard fire test; ratings in hours.

耐火試験規格米国

UL 263

Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

UL's equivalent test; UL listed designs give the thickness for each design and W/D.

耐火試験規格米国

UL 1709

Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel

Hydrocarbon pool-fire test for petrochemical structures.

構造設計規格米国

AISC 360 Appendix 4

Structural Design for Fire Conditions

Performance-based structural fire design in the US.

耐火試験規格豪州

AS 1530.4

Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures – Fire-resistance tests for elements of construction

Australian fire test; results as FRL (structural adequacy/integrity/insulation).

構造設計規格豪州

AS 4100 Section 12

Steel structures – Fire

Limiting steel temperature and exposed surface area to mass ratio (ksm).

耐火試験規格欧州

EN 16623

Paints and varnishes – Reactive coatings for fire protection of metallic substrates – Definitions, requirements, characteristics and marking

Durability and performance requirements for reactive coatings; one of the test routes accepted in Singapore.

耐火試験規格英国

BS 8202-2

Coatings for fire protection of building elements – Code of practice for the use of intumescent coating systems to metallic substrates for providing fire resistance

Durability and weathering guidance used with BS 476-21 or AS 1530.4 data, including in Singapore.

製品認定シンガポール

SCDF Fire Code · Table 11A

Singapore Fire Code – Regulated fire safety products and materials (Product Listing Scheme)

Intumescent coating systems for structural steel are regulated products: each needs a Certificate of Conformity from an accredited certification body before use in Singapore.

規格が記載されていても、すべての製品がその認証を受けているとは限りません – 選択した製品の認定書に試験規格と適用範囲が記載されています。

Certification routes

Fire certifications for every market

World Steel supplies intumescent systems from leading manufacturers with the approval your project's authority accepts – Singapore Certificate of Conformity, UL listings, BS 476 assessments, Australian AS 1530.4 / AS 4100 assessments and European ETA / CE marking. The certificate always belongs to the product; the matrix shows what each manufacturer publishes.

Singapore CoCSCDF 製品登録制度（PLS）に基づく適合証明書（認定認証機関発行）SCDF Fire Code · PLS

ULUL 263 / ASTM E119 による UL 登録設計、炭化水素火災は UL 1709UL Product iQ

BS 476BS 476-20/21 による評価、第三者認証（例：Certifire）UK · Middle East · Asia

AS 1530.4 / AS 4100豪州の試験・評価報告書、NCC に基づく FRLAustralia · New Zealand

EN 13381-8 / ETAEAD 350402 に基づく欧州技術評価（ETA）と CE マーキングEurope · UK

製品	Singapore CoC	UL	BS 476	AS 1530.4 / AS 4100	EN 13381-8 / ETA
InternationalInterchar 404	?CoC confirmed per project	?	?	?	✓ETA-09/0259出典
InternationalInterchar 963	?CoC confirmed per project	?	◐BS 476-21 (product page)出典	?	✓ETA-14/0043出典
InternationalInterchar 1120	?CoC confirmed per project	◐UL 263 (brochure)出典	✓BS 476-20/21 · Certifire出典	◐AS 1530.4 · AS 4100出典	✓ETA-20/1193出典
InternationalInterchar 1160	?CoC confirmed per project	?	?	◐AS 1530.4 · AS 4100 (product page)出典	✓ETA-20/1192出典
InternationalChartek 7E	?CoC confirmed per project	?	?	?	?
InternationalChartek 1709	?CoC confirmed per project	✓ANSI/UL 1709 listed出典	?	?	✓ETA-10/0086出典
InternationalChartek ONE	?CoC confirmed per project	◐UL 1709 Ed. 5出典	?	?	?
HempelHempacore One 43600	?CoC confirmed per project	?	?	◐AS 4100 – 3rd-party certified (PDS)出典	✓ETA 12/0581出典
HempelHempacore One FD 43601	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓Certifire (PDS)出典	◐AS 4100 – 3rd-party certified (PDS)出典	✓ETA 12/0581出典
HempelHempacore AQ 48860	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓BS 476-21 assessment up to 90 min出典	?	✓ETA 13/1054出典
JotunSteelMaster 600WF / 900WF / 1200WF	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓Certifire CF 5631 (600WF) · CF 6140 (900WF) · CF 5243 (1200WF)出典	◐AS 4100 (1200WF)出典	✓ETA-22/0047 · ETA-24/0831 · ETA-22/0351出典
JotunSteelMaster 60SB / 90SB (QD)	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓Certifire CF 5170 (60SB) · BS 476-20/21 (90SB)出典	?	✓ETA-22/0350 · ETA 24/0096出典
JotunSteelMaster 1200HPE	?CoC confirmed per project	◐UL 263 exterior · UL 2431 I-A出典	✓Certifire CF 5857 (up to 180 min)出典	◐AS 4100 (TDS)	✓ETA-21/1019出典
JotunJotachar 1709	?CoC confirmed per project	◐UL 1709 · UL 2431出典	?	?	?
PPGPPG STEELGUARD 651	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓BS 476-20/21 assessed出典	?	✓ETA 22/0050出典
PPGPPG STEELGUARD 701 / 801	?CoC confirmed per project	?	✓BS 476-20/21 assessed出典	?	✓ETA 22/0048出典
PPGPPG STEELGUARD 951	?CoC confirmed per project	◐UL 263 · UL 2431 I-A (PDS)出典	◐BS 476 (PDS)出典	?	✓ETA 22/0790出典
PPGPPG PITT-CHAR NX	?CoC confirmed per project	✓UL 1709 Rev. 5 · UL 2431 (UL Verify V503293)出典	◐BS 476 tested (PDS)出典	?	✓ETA 21/1088出典

✓ = 認証機関が登録または認定書を公表 · ◐ = メーカーが表示（データシート / ウェブサイト）– 認定書はご請求により提供 · ? = 公開情報では未確認 – メーカーが保有している場合がありますのでお問い合わせください · — = 該当なし。認定書は特定の製品、耐火性能、断面形状、寸法を対象とします。World Steel は提案ごとに、採用ルートの最新認定書と膜厚表を提供します。

Engineering lookup tables

Lookup tables by standard

Reference values calculated from the published formulas and tables of each standard – fire curves, steel strength at temperature, critical and limiting temperatures, section-factor conversions and rating equivalents. Coating thickness itself always comes from the selected product's approved loading table.

時間（分）	ISO 834 · EN 1363-1 · BS 476-20 · AS 1530.4 (°C)	ASTM E119 · UL 263 (°C)	EN 1363-2 炭化水素 (°C)
5	576	538	948
10	678	704	1034
15	739	—	1071
30	842	843	1098
45	902	—	1100
60	945	927	1100
90	1006	—	1100
120	1049	1010	1100
180	1110	1052	1100
240	1153	1093	1100

ISO 834：T = 20 + 345·log10(8t + 1)。ASTM E119：公表曲線の値（5 分で 1000 °F … 4 時間で 2000 °F）。EN 1363-2：T = 20 + 1080(1 − 0.325e^−0.167t − 0.675e^−2.5t)。UL 1709（急速昇温）は 5 分以内に 2000 °F（1093 °C）に達します。

鋼材温度（°C）	k_y,θ – 有効降伏強度	k_E,θ – 弾性係数
20	1.00	1
100	1.00	1
200	1.00	0.9
300	1.00	0.8
400	1.00	0.7
500	0.78	0.6
600	0.47	0.31
700	0.23	0.13
800	0.11	0.09
900	0.06	0.0675
1000	0.04	0.045
1100	0.02	0.0225
1200	0.00	0

高温時の炭素鋼の低減係数、EN 1993-1-2 Table 3.1（行間は線形補間）。

利用率 μ0	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8
θ_a,cr (°C)	725	664	620	585	554	526	496

EN 1993-1-2 式 (4.22)：θa,cr = 39.19 ln[1/(0.9674 μ0^3.833) − 1] + 482。座屈の影響を受けない部材に適用、μ0 ≥ 0.013。

荷重比 r_f	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8
T_l (°C)	698	629	560	491	422	353

Hp/A (m⁻¹)	50	100	150	200	250	300	350	400
k_sm (m²/t) – AS 4100	6.4	12.7	19.1	25.5	31.8	38.2	44.6	51.0
W/D (lb/ft/in) – UL	2.68	1.34	0.89	0.67	0.54	0.45	0.38	0.33
A/Hp (mm)	20.0	10.0	6.7	5.0	4.0	3.3	2.9	2.5

ksm = Hp/A ÷ 7.85（ρ = 7850 kg/m³）。W/D = 133.98 ÷ Hp/A（W は lb/ft、D は inch）。加熱周長の定義が同じ場合に有効。

EN 13501-2	Singapore (BS 476)	AS 1530.4 / NCC (FRL)	UL 263 / ASTM E119
R 30	½ h	30/–/–	—
R 60	1 h	60/–/–	1 h
R 90	1½ h	90/–/–	1½ h
R 120	2 h	120/–/–	2 h
R 180	3 h	180/–/–	3 h
R 240	4 h	240/–/–	4 h

時間が同じでも、認定は相互に代替できません。各市場はそれぞれの試験・評価ルートを認めています。

Value engineering

Reduce coating costs without compromising fire performance

Ten factors decide the installed cost of an intumescent system. Most of them can be engineered.

Steel section factorThe biggest driver – light, thin members need much more coating. Heavier sections can reduce the total cost.
Fire resistance durationR120 can need several times the DFT of R60 on the same member.
Critical steel temperatureA lower load ratio gives a higher critical temperature and a thinner coating – ask the engineer to calculate it.
Steel surface areaCoating is bought per litre and applied per m² – the member schedule sets both.
Required DFTFrom the approved loading table, member by member.
Product volume solidsLitres needed = area × DFT ÷ volume solids – high-solids products need fewer litres for the same film.
Application lossesOverspray, equipment and shape losses – lower in the shop than on site.
Surface preparationBlast grade and primer system required by the intumescent manufacturer.
Environmental conditionsHumidity and temperature affect drying, the number of coats and the programme.
Inspection requirementsDFT readings per member, hold points and third-party inspection.

コスト試算ツールを開くコスト最適化を依頼

Factory or site

Flexible fire protection application solutions

World Steel fabricates, blasts and paints structural steel in its own shop. Intumescent can be applied there with the steel – or on site by the project's applicator.

評価項目	工場塗装	現場塗装
Environmental control	Controlled temperature and humidity; steel temperature checked	Exposed to weather; enclosures or heating may be needed
Application quality	Members turned and coated in the best position	Overhead and difficult access; scaffolds or lifts
Inspection	Every member measured before dispatch	Inspection follows erection sequence
Project schedule	Runs in parallel with site works	Adds a trade after erection
Transportation	Careful packing and supports needed	No transport risk to the coating
Coating damage	Handling and erection damage at supports and connections	Minimal
Touch-up	Connections and damaged areas after erection	Not applicable
Overall cost	Usually lower – efficient application, fewer site hours	Higher site labour and access costs

Many export projects combine both: the full system is applied in the factory and connections, bolts and damaged areas are completed on site with the same product, by a procedure agreed in the ITP.

製作
ブラスト処理
プライマー
発泡性塗料の塗装
上塗り
DFT 検査
梱包・出荷
建方・タッチアップ

Quality assurance

Quality you can verify

Coating quality is controlled step by step and recorded – so the fire engineer and the authority can see that every member has the thickness it needs.

01Surface preparation inspection
Blast cleanliness and profile checked against the primer data sheet before coating.
02Primer compatibility verification
Primer type and thickness confirmed against the intumescent manufacturer's approved list.
03Environmental monitoring
Air and steel temperature, relative humidity and dew point recorded before and during application.
04Coating application
Airless spray by trained applicators following the product application guide.
05Wet film thickness monitoring
WFT checks during application to steer each coat to the target.
06Dry film thickness inspection
Calibrated gauges, readings per member against the DFT schedule.
07Final inspection
Visual check, topcoat, marking and release of each lot.
08Handover documentation
Coating report, product certificates, batch numbers and DFT records in the project dossier.

提出する品質記録

Inspection & test plan (ITP)
Surface preparation records
Environmental records
Batch traceability
WFT reports
DFT reports
Gauge calibration certificates
NCR / CAR
Final inspection reports

World Steel の品質管理 →

Industries

Fire protection solutions across industries

Each industry brings its own fire scenario, exposure and appearance requirements.

Industrial buildings

Factories and plants where escape routes, mezzanines and compartment walls need rated steel.

代表的な部材: Columns, rafters, crane girders, mezzanines

規格: Local building code · EN 13381-8 / UL 263 / AS 1530.4

鉄骨ソリューション →

Steel warehouses

Often unrated, but columns at fire walls, racking zones and offices may need protection.

代表的な部材: Portal frames, columns at firewalls, mezzanines

規格: Code and insurer requirements

鉄骨ソリューション →

Logistics centres

Large compartments with offices and mezzanines – protection targeted where it is required.

代表的な部材: Columns, office blocks, dock structures

規格: Building code · insurer rules

鉄骨ソリューション →

Commercial buildings

Offices and retail – typically R60 to R120 with exposed, architectural steel.

代表的な部材: Beams, columns, cellular beams, bracing

規格: EN 13381-8 · UL 263 · AS 1530.4

鉄骨ソリューション →

Airports

Terminals with exposed long-span steel where appearance and performance-based design matter.

代表的な部材: Long-span roof trusses, columns, hollow sections

規格: Project specification · fire engineering

鉄骨ソリューション →

Data centres

Compartmentation and continuity of service drive the fire strategy.

代表的な部材: Frames, plant platforms, cable and pipe supports

規格: Building code · owner standards

鉄骨ソリューション →

Energy facilities

Hydrocarbon pool and jet-fire scenarios need epoxy systems tested for them.

代表的な部材: Pipe racks, vessel skirts, modules

規格: UL 1709 · ISO 22899-1 · owner specs

鉄骨ソリューション →

Infrastructure projects

Exterior and semi-exposed steel where durability and inspection access are key.

代表的な部材: Bridges, stations, tunnels, walkways

規格: Project specification

鉄骨ソリューション →

Project experience

Proven solutions. Real project results.

Fire protection case studies are published here once each project and its data are verified. In the meantime, see the World Steel project portfolio.

検証済みの耐火被覆事例をここに掲載予定です。データが確認された完了プロジェクトのみを公開します。

World Steel のプロジェクトポートフォリオを見る

Knowledge centre

Fire protection engineering knowledge center

Practical guides for owners, engineers and contractors.

01

What is intumescent fire protection coating?

Intumescent coatings are thin, paint-like systems that swell into an insulating char in a fire and keep structural steel below its critical temperature. What they are, where they are used and what they are not.

2 分で読めます → 02

How does intumescent paint work?

From a thin film to an insulating char: the chemistry and physics of intumescent coatings in a fire, and why expansion and performance are specific to each product.

2 分で読めます → 03

R30, R60, R90 and R120 explained

What R30, R60, R90 and R120 mean, how they relate to FRL in Australia and hour ratings in the US, and why a higher rating does not simply mean a proportionally thicker coating.

2 分で読めます → 04

How to calculate steel section factor (Hp/A)

The section factor Hp/A decides how fast a steel member heats up and how much fire protection it needs. Formulas for I-sections, hollow sections and boxed protection, with worked examples and the US and Australian equivalents.

2 分で読めます → 05

How to determine intumescent coating thickness

Coating thickness is read from the product's approved loading table using the fire rating, critical temperature, section shape, exposure and section factor. The step-by-step method – and the limits you must not cross.

2 分で読めます → 06

Intumescent vs cementitious fireproofing

Thin, decorative intumescent coatings or economical cementitious sprays? A side-by-side comparison of appearance, ratings, durability, application and cost to choose the right fireproofing.

2 分で読めます → 07

Fire protection for steel warehouses

Do steel warehouses need fire protection? When codes and insurers require it, which members are usually protected and how to keep the cost under control in large logistics buildings.

2 分で読めます → 08

Factory vs site application of intumescent coatings

Applying intumescent coating in the fabrication shop or on site: quality, programme, transport, damage, touch-up and cost compared – and how to combine both.

2 分で読めます → 09

Fire protection coating cost – what drives it

Why there is no single price per square metre for intumescent coating, how to calculate litres from area, DFT and volume solids, and the levers that reduce installed cost without reducing fire performance.

2 分で読めます → 10

International fire protection standards for structural steel

EN 13381-8, EN 13501-2, BS 476, ASTM E119, UL 263, UL 1709 and AS 1530.4 – what each standard does, and the difference between fire tests, classification, structural design and product approval.

2 分で読めます →

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Can you supply intumescent coatings for projects in Singapore, the US, the UK or Australia?

Yes. We select a product that holds the approval your authority accepts: a Singapore Certificate of Conformity (SCDF Product Listing Scheme), a UL listed design (UL 263 / UL 1709), a BS 476 assessment or Certifire certificate, an Australian AS 1530.4 / AS 4100 assessment, or a European ETA. The certificate and its loading table are submitted with the proposal; where a product's certificate for a market is not published, we confirm it with the manufacturer before quoting.

What is fire protection coating for structural steel?

A coating system – usually primer, intumescent basecoat and topcoat – that insulates steel in a fire so it stays below its critical temperature for the required time. Cementitious sprays and boards do the same job by other means.

How does intumescent coating work?

When heated, the coating softens and chemical reactions release gases that expand it into a thick carbon char. The char has low thermal conductivity and slows the heating of the steel. The degree of expansion is specific to each product.

What is the difference between R60 and R120?

The time in minutes for which the member must keep its load-bearing function in the standard fire test – 60 or 120 minutes. R120 usually needs a much thicker coating or a different system on the same member.

How thick should fire protection coating be?

There is no single thickness per rating. The DFT is read from the product's approved loading table for each member's section factor, critical temperature, rating and exposure – from a few tenths of a millimetre to several millimetres.

How much does intumescent coating cost per square meter?

It depends on the DFT (which depends on the member), the product, volume solids, surface preparation, location and inspection. Use the cost estimator with your own unit prices, or send us the member schedule for a priced proposal.

Can coating be applied at the factory?

Yes. World Steel can apply the system in its painting shop with the steel; connections and handling damage are completed on site with the same product.

Can coating be applied over galvanized steel?

Only with a pre-treatment and primer or tie-coat that the intumescent manufacturer approves for galvanized substrates, and within the scope of its fire test data. Check this before specifying.

Can fire protection coating be used outdoors?

Some systems are assessed for exterior exposure (for example durability type X under EAD 350402) with a specified topcoat; epoxy systems are designed for harsh exterior and offshore conditions. Water-based grades are usually for dry interiors.

What is the expected service life?

It depends on the product, its durability classification, the exposure and maintenance. Manufacturers state durability for their systems; inspect regularly and repair damage with the same system.

What international standards apply?

Typically EN 13381-8 with EN 13501-2 in Europe, UL 263 / ASTM E119 in the US, AS 1530.4 with AS 4100 in Australia, BS 476 in the UK, and UL 1709 for hydrocarbon fires. Your authority decides which approvals are accepted.

How is coating thickness inspected?

With calibrated magnetic or electronic DFT gauges on each member, at a frequency set in the ITP, and compared with the DFT schedule. Wet film checks guide the applicator during spraying.

What information is required for a quotation?

Structural drawings or a member schedule with section sizes and lengths, the fire rating per element, exposure (3 or 4 sides), critical temperatures if known, the environment, accepted standards or approvals, application location and the programme.

Download centre

Technical documents & engineering resources

Templates from World Steel and links to the manufacturers' official product information. Project-specific test and classification data is sent on request.

資料	カテゴリー	種類	改訂 / 日付
Fire protection member schedule – templateMember list with section, length, quantity, exposure, rating and critical temperature – the input for a thickness design.	Engineering templates	CSV · < 1 KB	A 2026-10-16	ダウンロード
DFT inspection record – templatePer-member DFT readings against the schedule, with gauge and environmental data.	Inspection checklists	CSV · < 1 KB	A 2026-10-16	ダウンロード
Fire protection technical questionnaireThe questions we ask to engineer a fire protection solution.	Technical questionnaires	DOCX · 37 KB	A 2026-10-16	ダウンロード
International – passive fire protection productsInterchar and Chartek ranges on the manufacturer's website.	Product brochures	Web	—	開く
Hempel – Hempacore rangeHempacore intumescent coatings on the manufacturer's website.	Product brochures	Web	—	開く
Jotun – SteelMaster productsSteelMaster intumescent coatings on the manufacturer's website.	Product brochures	Web	—	開く
PPG – STEELGUARD 651Product page with data sheets on the manufacturer's website.	Technical data sheets	Web	—	開く
Interchar 404 – ETA-09/0259 (DIBt)European Technical Assessment with the approved DFT tables, published by DIBt.	Approved thickness tables	Web	—	開く
Interchar 963 – ETA-14/0043 (DIBt)European Technical Assessment with the approved DFT tables, published by DIBt.	Approved thickness tables	Web	—	開く
Chartek 1709 – ETA-10/0086 (DIBt)European Technical Assessment with the approved DFT tables, published by DIBt.	Approved thickness tables	Web	—	開く
Hempacore ONE – ETA 12/0581 (ITeC)European Technical Assessment with the approved DFT tables, published by ITeC.	Approved thickness tables	Web	—	開く
Approved loading tables for the selected systemIssued for the selected product and the project's certification route.	Approved thickness tables	ご請求により提供	—	請求
Fire test and classification reportsSupplied with the proposal for the accepted approval (ETA, UL design, AS 1530.4 assessment).	Fire test reports	ご請求により提供	—	請求
Technical and safety data sheetsCurrent TDS and SDS of every component of the proposed system.	Safety data sheets	ご請求により提供	—	請求
Coating ITP and application procedureProject-specific inspection and test plan and touch-up procedure.	Application guidelines	ご請求により提供	—	請求

Technical proposal

Get an engineered fire protection solution for your project

Send the project data and drawings – our engineers review the fire strategy, select the system and return a technical and commercial proposal.

連絡先会社名 * 担当者名 * メール * WhatsApp / 電話 * お客様の国 *

プロジェクトプロジェクト名 * プロジェクト所在国 * プロジェクト所在地（都市 / 現場）建物種別概算鋼材トン数（t）概算被覆面積（m²）鉄骨構造の詳細関心のある製品グループプロジェクト工程納入条件（Incoterms® 2020） * 指定地（港または現場） *

耐火要件耐火性能要件塗装場所適用規格 / 認定希望メーカー追加要件

ファイル構造図（PDF）、鋼材部材表（Excel）、技術仕様書・耐火被覆仕様書、塗装仕様書

PDF、Excel、Word、DWG、IFC または ZIP。大容量ファイルは要件欄にダウンロードリンクをご記入ください。

World Steel が本依頼を保管し、これに関して連絡することに同意します。

参照番号は次のページとメールでお知らせします。

Advanced fire protection solutions for structural steel

Why structural steel requires fire protection

Engineered for different fire resistance requirements

Our fire protection coating solutions

Thin-film intumescent coating

Epoxy intumescent coating

Cementitious fireproofing

Customised fire protection systems

Precision engineering. Optimized coating consumption.

International fire protection standards

ISO 834-1

ISO 22899-1

EN 1363-1 / EN 1363-2

EN 13381-8

EN 13381-4

EN 13501-2

EAD 350402-00-1106

EN 1993-1-2

BS 476-20 / 21

ASTM E119

UL 263

UL 1709

AISC 360 Appendix 4

AS 1530.4

AS 4100 Section 12

EN 16623

BS 8202-2

SCDF Fire Code · Table 11A

Fire certifications for every market

Lookup tables by standard

Reduce coating costs without compromising fire performance

Flexible fire protection application solutions

Quality you can verify

Fire protection solutions across industries

Industrial buildings

Steel warehouses

Logistics centres

Commercial buildings

Airports

Data centres

Energy facilities

Infrastructure projects

Proven solutions. Real project results.

Fire protection engineering knowledge center

What is intumescent fire protection coating?

How does intumescent paint work?

R30, R60, R90 and R120 explained

How to calculate steel section factor (Hp/A)

How to determine intumescent coating thickness

Intumescent vs cementitious fireproofing

Fire protection for steel warehouses

Factory vs site application of intumescent coatings

Fire protection coating cost – what drives it

International fire protection standards for structural steel

Frequently asked questions

Technical documents & engineering resources

Get an engineered fire protection solution for your project

Your steel structure deserves engineered fire protection

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