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World Steel · Export markets
Global Markets
Structural steel, pre-engineered buildings and building-envelope products from Vietnam to 49 markets on six continents – with the trade agreements, import rules and seaports for each.
- Markets
- 49
- Combined GDP
- $91.23 trillion
- With a Vietnam FTA
- 27
- Seaports
- 73
AsiaEuropeAmericasAfricaOceaniaVietnam (origin)Seaport
Largest economies we serve
Our export markets ranked by nominal GDP (IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2025 – 2026 estimates). The world rank column is the country's position among all economies.
| # | Country | GDP (US$) | World rank | Population | GDP per capita | FTA with Vietnam | Potential |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  United States |
$32.38 trillion | #1 | 341.8 million | $94,749 | MFN | High |
| 2 |  Germany |
$5.45 trillion | #3 | 83.5 million | $65,329 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 3 |  Japan |
$4.38 trillion | #4 | 122.7 million | $35,697 | AJCEPVJEPACPTPPRCEP | Medium |
| 4 |  United Kingdom |
$4.26 trillion | #5 | 69.5 million | $61,375 | CPTPPUKVFTA | Medium |
| 5 |  India |
$4.15 trillion | #6 | 1.43 billion | $2,906 | AITIGA | Selective |
| 6 |  France |
$3.60 trillion | #7 | 69.1 million | $52,055 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 7 |  Italy |
$2.74 trillion | #8 | 58.9 million | $46,454 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 8 |  Brazil |
$2.64 trillion | #10 | 214.2 million | $12,305 | MFN | Selective |
| 9 |  Canada |
$2.51 trillion | #11 | 41.4 million | $60,539 | CPTPP | Medium |
| 10 |  Australia |
$2.12 trillion | #12 | 27.8 million | $76,399 | AANZFTACPTPPRCEP | High |
| 11 |  Mexico |
$2.12 trillion | #13 | 131.2 million | $16,161 | CPTPP | Medium |
| 12 |  Spain |
$2.09 trillion | #14 | 49.8 million | $41,991 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 13 |  South Korea |
$1.93 trillion | #15 | 51.1 million | $37,797 | AKFTAVKFTARCEP | Selective |
| 14 |  Turkey |
$1.64 trillion | #16 | 86.1 million | $19,052 | MFN | Selective |
| 15 |  Indonesia |
$1.54 trillion | #17 | 288.3 million | $5,341 | ATIGARCEP | Medium |
| 16 |  Netherlands |
$1.45 trillion | #18 | 18.2 million | $79,859 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 17 |  Saudi Arabia |
$1.39 trillion | #19 | 35.3 million | $39,339 | MFN | High |
| 18 |  Switzerland |
$1.15 trillion | #20 | 9.2 million | $125,278 | MFN | Selective |
| 19 |  Poland |
$1.13 trillion | #21 | 37.2 million | $30,455 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 20 |  Taiwan |
$977 billion | #22 | 23.2 million | $42,055 | MFN | Selective |
| 21 |  Ireland |
$779 billion | #23 | 5.5 million | $141,049 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 22 |  Belgium |
$777 billion | #24 | 11.9 million | $65,038 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 23 |  Sweden |
$760 billion | #25 | 10.6 million | $71,652 | EVFTA | Medium |
| 24 |  Israel |
$720 billion | #26 | 10.3 million | $69,854 | VIFTA | Medium |
| 25 |  Argentina |
$688 billion | #27 | 46.5 million | $14,814 | MFN | Selective |
| 26 |  Singapore |
$660 billion | #28 | 6.1 million | $107,946 | ATIGACPTPPRCEP | High |
| 27 |  United Arab Emirates |
$622 billion | #30 | 11.3 million | $55,032 | CEPA | High |
| 28 |  Norway |
$599 billion | #31 | 5.6 million | $106,336 | MFN | Medium |
| 29 |  Thailand |
$580 billion | #32 | 70.3 million | $8,256 | ATIGARCEP | High |
| 30 |  Colombia |
$540 billion | #33 | 53.4 million | $10,104 | MFN | Medium |
| 31 |  Malaysia |
$516 billion | #35 | 34.4 million | $15,017 | ATIGACPTPPRCEP | High |
| 32 |  Philippines |
$512 billion | #36 | 114.8 million | $4,460 | ATIGARCEP | High |
| 33 |  Bangladesh |
$511 billion | #37 | 169.8 million | $3,007 | MFN | Medium |
| 34 |  South Africa |
$480 billion | #40 | 63.5 million | $7,556 | MFN | Selective |
| 35 |  Egypt |
$430 billion | #44 | 108.6 million | $3,956 | MFN | Selective |
| 36 |  Chile |
$408 billion | #45 | 20.2 million | $20,240 | VCFTACPTPP | High |
| 37 |  Peru |
$381 billion | #46 | 34.2 million | $11,151 | CPTPP | High |
| 38 |  Nigeria |
$377 billion | #48 | 223.8 million | $1,686 | MFN | Medium |
| 39 |  New Zealand |
$279 billion | #54 | 5.4 million | $52,011 | AANZFTACPTPPRCEP | High |
| 40 |  Qatar |
$217 billion | #58 | 3.4 million | $64,503 | MFN | Medium |
| 41 |  Morocco |
$194 billion | #59 | 37.3 million | $5,216 | MFN | Selective |
| 42 |  Kenya |
$147 billion | #65 | 54.2 million | $2,716 | MFN | Medium |
| 43 |  Dominican Republic |
$136 billion | #67 | 10.8 million | $12,640 | MFN | Medium |
| 44 |  Panama |
$95.0 billion | #84 | 4.1 million | $23,377 | MFN | Medium |
| 45 |  Cambodia |
$52.4 billion | #101 | 17.8 million | $2,940 | ATIGARCEP | High |
| 46 |  Papua New Guinea |
$34.4 billion | #116 | 10.2 million | $3,378 | MFN | Medium |
| 47 |  Guyana |
$34.0 billion | #117 | 956,044 | $35,522 | MFN | High |
| 48 |  Trinidad and Tobago |
$26.8 billion | #126 | 1.4 million | $19,620 | MFN | High |
| 49 |  Jamaica |
$23.0 billion | #133 | 2.8 million | $8,300 | MFN | High |
China and Russia are not covered by World Steel's export programme and are therefore not listed.
Markets by region
Country profiles with economy, demand for steel structures, trade agreements, import rules and seaports.
Asia 15
JapanA demanding, quality-driven market with four trade agreements with Vietnam.MediumAJCEP · VJEPA · CPTPP · RCEPIndiaThe world's most populous country with a large domestic steel industry.SelectiveAITIGASouth KoreaAdvanced economy with world-class domestic steelmakers.SelectiveAKFTA · VKFTA · RCEPIndonesiaASEAN's largest economy with high seismic demand.MediumATIGA · RCEPSaudi ArabiaVision 2030 giga-projects create one of the world's largest steel construction pipelines.HighMFNTaiwanHigh-tech manufacturing economy with its own steel industry.SelectiveMFNIsraelA VIFTA partner of Vietnam since 2024.MediumVIFTASingaporeASEAN's hub – with BC1-certified supply from World Steel.HighATIGA · CPTPP · RCEPUnited Arab EmiratesThe Gulf's trading hub – home of Jebel Ali and Khalifa ports.HighCEPAThailandSoutheast Asia's manufacturing base with many World Steel references.HighATIGA · RCEPMalaysiaData centres and manufacturing drive steel demand.HighATIGA · CPTPP · RCEPPhilippinesTyphoon- and earthquake-ready steel for a fast-growing market.HighATIGA · RCEPBangladeshGarment and industrial growth fuels factory construction.MediumMFNQatarLNG-funded infrastructure and industrial expansion.MediumMFNCambodiaNext door to our plant – fast, road-delivered steel buildings.HighATIGA · RCEP
IndiaThe world's most populous country with a large domestic steel industry.SelectiveAITIGASouth KoreaAdvanced economy with world-class domestic steelmakers.SelectiveAKFTA · VKFTA · RCEPIndonesiaASEAN's largest economy with high seismic demand.MediumATIGA · RCEPSaudi ArabiaVision 2030 giga-projects create one of the world's largest steel construction pipelines.HighMFNTaiwanHigh-tech manufacturing economy with its own steel industry.SelectiveMFNIsraelA VIFTA partner of Vietnam since 2024.MediumVIFTASingaporeASEAN's hub – with BC1-certified supply from World Steel.HighATIGA · CPTPP · RCEPUnited Arab EmiratesThe Gulf's trading hub – home of Jebel Ali and Khalifa ports.HighCEPAThailandSoutheast Asia's manufacturing base with many World Steel references.HighATIGA · RCEPMalaysiaData centres and manufacturing drive steel demand.HighATIGA · CPTPP · RCEPPhilippinesTyphoon- and earthquake-ready steel for a fast-growing market.HighATIGA · RCEPBangladeshGarment and industrial growth fuels factory construction.MediumMFNQatarLNG-funded infrastructure and industrial expansion.MediumMFNCambodiaNext door to our plant – fast, road-delivered steel buildings.HighATIGA · RCEPOceania 3
AustraliaAS/NZS 5131 CC3-certified supply for a large, quality-driven market.HighAANZFTA · CPTPP · RCEPNew ZealandSeismic structural steel to NZS 3404 and AS/NZS 5131.HighAANZFTA · CPTPP · RCEPPapua New GuineaResource projects need fast, shippable steel buildings.MediumMFN
New ZealandSeismic structural steel to NZS 3404 and AS/NZS 5131.HighAANZFTA · CPTPP · RCEPPapua New GuineaResource projects need fast, shippable steel buildings.MediumMFNNorth America 7
United StatesThe world's largest economy and the largest market for metal building systems.HighMFNCanadaA CPTPP partner with demanding cold-climate and welding-certification rules.MediumCPTPPMexicoNearshoring hub of North America and a CPTPP partner of Vietnam.MediumCPTPPDominican RepublicThe largest economy in the Caribbean and Central America region.MediumMFNPanamaThe logistics crossroads of the Americas.MediumMFNTrinidad and TobagoEnergy-driven economy with steady demand for industrial and commercial buildings.HighMFNJamaicaCaribbean logistics hub with growing tourism and logistics construction.HighMFN
CanadaA CPTPP partner with demanding cold-climate and welding-certification rules.MediumCPTPPMexicoNearshoring hub of North America and a CPTPP partner of Vietnam.MediumCPTPPDominican RepublicThe largest economy in the Caribbean and Central America region.MediumMFNPanamaThe logistics crossroads of the Americas.MediumMFNTrinidad and TobagoEnergy-driven economy with steady demand for industrial and commercial buildings.HighMFNJamaicaCaribbean logistics hub with growing tourism and logistics construction.HighMFNSouth America 6
BrazilLatin America's largest economy with a strong domestic steel industry.SelectiveMFNArgentinaResource-rich economy reopening to imports.SelectiveMFNColombiaGrowing logistics and industrial market on two oceans.MediumMFNChileVietnam's first FTA partner in Latin America – and a mining powerhouse.HighVCFTA · CPTPPPeruA CPTPP partner with major mining and port investments.HighCPTPPGuyanaOne of the world's fastest-growing economies, driven by offshore oil.HighMFN
ArgentinaResource-rich economy reopening to imports.SelectiveMFNColombiaGrowing logistics and industrial market on two oceans.MediumMFNChileVietnam's first FTA partner in Latin America – and a mining powerhouse.HighVCFTA · CPTPPPeruA CPTPP partner with major mining and port investments.HighCPTPPGuyanaOne of the world's fastest-growing economies, driven by offshore oil.HighMFNEurope 13
GermanyEurope's largest economy and industrial heartland.MediumEVFTAUnited KingdomA UKVFTA and CPTPP partner with a large construction market.MediumCPTPP · UKVFTAFranceA large EU construction market with demanding certification.MediumEVFTAItalyMediterranean gateway with a strong manufacturing base.MediumEVFTASpainFast-growing EU economy with major Mediterranean ports.MediumEVFTATurkeyLarge construction market with a strong domestic steel industry.SelectiveMFNNetherlandsEurope's gateway – home of the Port of Rotterdam.MediumEVFTASwitzerlandHigh-value, landlocked market served through Rhine ports.SelectiveMFNPolandCentral Europe's logistics and manufacturing powerhouse.MediumEVFTAIrelandData centres and pharma drive industrial construction.MediumEVFTABelgiumHome of the Port of Antwerp-Bruges, Europe's chemical and logistics cluster.MediumEVFTASwedenGreen-industry investment hub of the Nordics.MediumEVFTANorwayEnergy-rich EEA market with demanding offshore and Arctic conditions.MediumMFN
United KingdomA UKVFTA and CPTPP partner with a large construction market.MediumCPTPP · UKVFTAFranceA large EU construction market with demanding certification.MediumEVFTAItalyMediterranean gateway with a strong manufacturing base.MediumEVFTASpainFast-growing EU economy with major Mediterranean ports.MediumEVFTATurkeyLarge construction market with a strong domestic steel industry.SelectiveMFNNetherlandsEurope's gateway – home of the Port of Rotterdam.MediumEVFTASwitzerlandHigh-value, landlocked market served through Rhine ports.SelectiveMFNPolandCentral Europe's logistics and manufacturing powerhouse.MediumEVFTAIrelandData centres and pharma drive industrial construction.MediumEVFTABelgiumHome of the Port of Antwerp-Bruges, Europe's chemical and logistics cluster.MediumEVFTASwedenGreen-industry investment hub of the Nordics.MediumEVFTANorwayEnergy-rich EEA market with demanding offshore and Arctic conditions.MediumMFNAfrica 5
South AfricaAfrica's most industrialised economy, with SANS steel standards.SelectiveMFNEgyptSuez Canal economy with large infrastructure programmes.SelectiveMFNNigeriaAfrica's most populous country with large infrastructure needs.MediumMFNMoroccoGateway between Africa and Europe – home of Tanger Med.SelectiveMFNKenyaEast Africa's logistics gateway.MediumMFN
EgyptSuez Canal economy with large infrastructure programmes.SelectiveMFNNigeriaAfrica's most populous country with large infrastructure needs.MediumMFNMoroccoGateway between Africa and Europe – home of Tanger Med.SelectiveMFNKenyaEast Africa's logistics gateway.MediumMFNVietnam's free trade agreements
Preferential duty for steel structures made in Vietnam, with a valid certificate or statement of origin. Partner markets covered on this site are linked.
| Agreement | Type | In force | Partner markets |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATIGA ASEAN Trade in Goods AgreementNear-zero tariffs on most goods traded between ASEAN members. | Regional (ASEAN) | 2010 | |
| AJCEP ASEAN–Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership | Regional | 2008 | |
| VJEPA Vietnam–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement | Bilateral | 2009 | |
| AKFTA ASEAN–Korea Free Trade Agreement | Regional | 2007 | |
| VKFTA Vietnam–Korea Free Trade Agreement | Bilateral | 2015 | |
| AITIGA ASEAN–India Trade in Goods Agreement | Regional | 2010 | |
| AANZFTA ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement | Regional | 2010 | |
| VCFTA Vietnam–Chile Free Trade Agreement | Bilateral | 2014 | |
| CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific PartnershipIn force between Vietnam and each member once both have ratified. | Plurilateral | 2019 | |
| EVFTA EU–Vietnam Free Trade AgreementCovers all 27 EU member states. | Bilateral (EU) | 2020 | |
| UKVFTA UK–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement | Bilateral | 2021 | |
| RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic PartnershipASEAN + Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, China. | Regional | 2022 | |
| VIFTA Vietnam–Israel Free Trade Agreement | Bilateral | 2024 | |
| CEPA Vietnam–UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership AgreementSigned October 2024 – check entry-into-force status before claiming preferences. | Bilateral | pending | |
New tool · 49 countries
Landed cost calculator – steel structures from Vietnam
FOB price, sea freight, insurance, import duty with FTA preference, trade remedies, VAT or GST and local charges – a transparent estimate of the delivered cost for every market we serve.
Calculate landed costFocus market
Exporting steel structures to the United States
Section 232, reciprocal tariffs, melt-and-pour reporting, AD/CVD, the CBP entry process and US building-code approvals – the essentials for buyers importing structural steel from Vietnam. World Steel is the first company in Asia accredited under IAS AC472.
Read the US import guide →- Section 232 – steel and derivative products
- Reciprocal and other additional tariffs
- Melt-and-pour and origin reporting
- Anti-dumping and countervailing duties (AD/CVD)
- CBP entry process
- Buy America / BABA
- Building codes and approvals
- Working with US clients
Largest container ports
Main gateways for World Steel shipments, ranked by 2024 container throughput (excluding China).
All world ports →#1Singapore, SingaporePort of Singapore#2Busan, South KoreaPort of Busan#3Dubai, United Arab EmiratesJebel Ali#4Klang, Selangor, MalaysiaPort Klang#5Rotterdam, NetherlandsPort of Rotterdam#6Antwerp, BelgiumPort of Antwerp-Bruges#7Johor, MalaysiaPort of Tanjung Pelepas#8Los Angeles, CA, United StatesPort of Los Angeles
Singapore, SingaporePort of Singapore#2Busan, South KoreaPort of Busan#3Dubai, United Arab EmiratesJebel Ali#4Klang, Selangor, MalaysiaPort Klang#5Rotterdam, NetherlandsPort of Rotterdam#6Antwerp, BelgiumPort of Antwerp-Bruges#7Johor, MalaysiaPort of Tanjung Pelepas#8Los Angeles, CA, United StatesPort of Los AngelesWorld Steel potential by product
Our structural steel and building-envelope products and the markets where each has the strongest demand.
Sources: GDP – IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2025), 2026 estimates in current US$; population – latest national estimates; port throughput – 2024 TEU (World Shipping Council / Lloyd's List). Figures are indicative and updated periodically.